ABSTRACT
In COVID-19 patients who develop sudden ST elevations it is necessary to consider cardiac causes other than myocardial infarction, such as coronary vasospasm.
ABSTRACT
There is ongoing debate as to whether cardiac complications of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) result from myocardial viral infection or are secondary to systemic inflammation and/or thrombosis. We provide evidence that cardiomyocytes are infected in patients with COVID-19 myocarditis and are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We establish an engineered heart tissue model of COVID-19 myocardial pathology, define mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, and demonstrate that cardiomyocyte severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection results in contractile deficits, cytokine production, sarcomere disassembly, and cell death. These findings implicate direct infection of cardiomyocytes in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 myocardial pathology and provides a model system to study this emerging disease.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the now pandemic disease, coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A number of reports have emerged suggesting these patients may present with signs and symptoms consistent with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction without coronary artery occlusion. CASE SUMMARY: We report an international case series of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who presented with suspected ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Three patients with confirmed COVID-19 presented with electrocardiogram criteria for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. No patient had obstructive coronary disease at coronary angiography. Post-mortem histology in one case demonstrated myocardial ischaemia in the absence of coronary atherothrombosis or myocarditis. DISCUSSION: Patients with COVID-19 may present with features consistent with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and patent coronary arteries. The prevalence and clinical outcomes of this condition require systematic investigation in consecutive unselected patients.